Principles’ of organizing

Organizing is one of the major functions of management. The success or failure of the organization depends upon sound and efficient organizational structure. Hence, there is a need to follow certain principles of organizing to formulate and develop sound and efficient organization. These principles are as follows:

Unity of objectives

The goals of the organization influence the organization structure. Hence, the goals and objectives must be clearly defined for the entire organization, for each department and even for each position in the organization structure. If there is contradiction among the various levels of objectives, then entire goals of the organization cannot be achieved.

Specialization

The total task in an organization should be divided in such a manner that every person is confined to a single job. This leads to specialization. An employee repeatedly performing a specific single job becomes an expert in that job. The work assigned should be according to his abilities and aptitude. Then he can work with greater economy and efficiency.

Span of control

Span of control represents a numerical limit of subordinates to be supervised or controlled by a manager. As there is a limit to the number of subordinates that can be supervised effectively. However, the exact number of subordinates will vary depending upon the nature of job, competence of the manager, quality of subordinates.

Exception

Each manager should make all decisions within the limitation of delegated authority. However, only exceptionally complex matters should be referred to the higher levels for their decision. This will enable the executives at higher levels to devote time to more important and crucial issue.

Scalar principle

This principle sometimes known as the “chain of command”. It is unbroken line of authority from the top level to the bottom of an organization. It makes clear about who will work under whom. The chain of command should be short and clear which makes decision making and communication more effective.

Unity of command

The principle of command suggests that an employee should have one and only one boss. Each subordinate should have only one supervisor whose command he has to obey. Directions from several superiors may result in confusion, chaos, conflict and indiscipline.

Delegation of authority

Proper authority should be delegated at all levels of management. The authority delegated should be equal to responsibility so as to enable each manager to accomplish the task assigned to him